How to handle Clear Air Turbulence

BCD’s Global Crisis Management team has compiled this explainer guide on how air travelers can stay safer and minimize the chances of injuries during periods of unexpected rough air.

What is Clear Air Turbulence (CAT)?

Clear Air Turbulence, or CAT, is a phenomenon all airplane travelers should know about. CAT can feel like sudden, unexpected jolts or bumps, often catching passengers off guard. One moment the flight is smooth, and the next, the plane may drop or shake abruptly. These sudden movements can vary in intensity, ranging from mild vibrations to more severe shaking that can make walking difficult and cause unsecured items to fly around. It may be unsettling for some because it happens without warning and in seemingly calm skies.

CAT: Unpredictable and unseen

Unlike typical turbulence caused by weather systems, CAT happens in clear skies and is invisible on weather radars. This makes it particularly challenging for pilots to predict and avoid, posing a significant risk to flight safety. It’s a growing concern in aviation. In the United States alone, CAT costs the industry around USD$200 million annually due to additional airframe fatigue, maintenance needs, and potential injuries to passengers and crew.

What actually causes CAT?

1. Jet streams: These are narrow bands of strong wind in the upper atmosphere, often exceeding speeds of 100 miles per hour. The edges of jet streams can experience significant wind shear, leading to turbulence.
2. Mountain waves: Strong winds blowing over mountain ranges can create atmospheric waves. These waves can become turbulent, especially if the air is stable and the wind is steady and strong.
3. Atmospheric circulation: Large-scale circulations, such as Rossby waves and the Coriolis effect, cause the jet stream to meander, creating regions of intense wind shear that lead to turbulence.

Why is CAT happening more often?

Recent studies indicate a rise in both the frequency and intensity of CAT. This increase is primarily linked to climate change, which alters atmospheric conditions like jet streams and airflow patterns at high altitudes.

5 ways to deal with CAT

1. Keep your seatbelt fastened: The most effective way to prevent injuries during turbulence is to keep your seatbelt fastened at all times, even when the seatbelt sign is off. This keeps you secure during unexpected turbulence.
2. Listen to flight attendants: Pay close attention to the safety briefings and announcements made by flight attendants. Follow their instructions and be prepared to act as advised.
3. Stow your belongings properly: Ensure that all carry-on items and loose objects are securely stowed in the overhead bins or under the seat in front of you. Unsecured items can become dangerous projectiles during turbulence.
4. Choose an appropriate seat: Seats over the wings typically experience less motion compared to those at the front or rear of the aircraft. Consider selecting a seat in this area if you are concerned about turbulence.
5. Be cautious with hot liquids and sharp objects: Hot beverages can spill during turbulence and cause burns. Exercise caution when handling hot liquids and avoid using sharp objects during the flight.

Remember, clear air turbulence is largely unpredictable, but following these guidelines can greatly enhance your safety and reduce the risk of injury during unexpected turbulence. Stay informed, stay secure, and ensure a safer journey on your business travels.

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